Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
HbA1c Reduction
Evidence related to lowering or improving HbA1c/A1C in diabetes management.
- Studies
- 223
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
SemaglutideUsual careMetformin
Outcome Evidence
Outcome Evidence
Explore diabetes-related outcomes, how they are measured, and which interventions affect them.
1,113
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across diabetes research
44
Outcome Groups
Backend-defined outcome groups with evidence coverage
643
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence index
3,268
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
391
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence index
Dediabetes organizes diabetes outcomes by interventions studied, evidence strength, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Outcomes
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Weight Loss
Evidence related to body weight reduction, BMI improvement, waist circumference, and body composition changes.
- Studies
- 144
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE)SemaglutideLifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Glycemic Control
Evidence related to blood glucose control, fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glucose variability, and time in range.
- Studies
- 150
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Continuous glucose monitoringMetforminMulti-species synbiotic (12 probiotic strains + FOS prebiotic)
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Treatment Adherence
Evidence related to treatment adherence, medication use, physical activity participation, step count, diet intake, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-care behavior adherence.
- Studies
- 70
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Mobile app for diabetes self-managementInstructional WhatsApp group for diabetes self-careBehavioral counseling
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Inflammatory and Vascular Markers
Evidence related to inflammatory, oxidative stress, endothelial, and vascular biomarkers measured in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 58
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Exercise therapySemaglutideVitamin D supplementation
Limited ResearchLimited Research
Physical Activity Levels
Evidence related to physical activity levels and physical activity changes in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 16
- Evidence
- Limited Research
Featured interventions
Peer-support lifestyle programLifestyle intervention for prediabetesCulturally Adapted Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Prevention
What's New in Outcome Evidence
January 1, 2026
Aromatherapy and VR enhance sleep quality in diabetes
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Automated insulin-glucagon delivery reduces hypoglycemia risk
Relevant to 6 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
BL21 Probiotic Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 6 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Combination Therapy Improves Short-Term Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 6 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Community-Based Intervention Improves Diabetes Management in Low-Income Adults
Relevant to 2 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Consumer Sleep Trackers Improve Sleep Behavior Change
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcuma longa extract improves neuropathy symptoms in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcumin may improve inflammation and glycemic control in diabetes
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
Explore Outcomes by Category
Metabolic Health
206Evidence for outcomes in Metabolic Health.
Explore categorySafety
46Evidence for outcomes in Safety.
Explore categoryClinical Outcomes
407Evidence for outcomes in Clinical Outcomes.
Cardiometabolic RiskStrong
Plaque Index (PI)Strong
Weight & Anthropometrics
37Evidence for outcomes in Weight & Anthropometrics.
Explore categoryGlycemic Control
118Evidence for outcomes in Glycemic Control.
Explore categoryPatient Reported
168Evidence for outcomes in Patient Reported.
Explore categoryAdherence & Engagement
87Evidence for outcomes in Adherence & Engagement.
Explore categoryMost Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Top-ranked relationships with available EvidenceScore™ and ConsistencyScore™ signals.
Supporting studies: Based on 15 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 11 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 10 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 15 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 15 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 29 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 30 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 32 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Outcome and Intervention Groups
| Outcome group | Featured intervention group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Relationships | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGM Time in Range | Insulin Delivery Systems | Strong | 47 | 71 | Browse |
| Fasting Glucose | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 89 | 78 | Browse |
| Quality of Life Outcomes | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 34 | 32 | Browse |
| HbA1c | SGLT2 Inhibitors | Strong | 163 | 85 | Browse |
| Body Mass Index | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 59 | 43 | Browse |
| Body Weight | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Strong | 76 | 53 | Browse |
| Cardiovascular Outcomes | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Strong | 24 | 35 | Browse |
| Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 15 | 17 | Browse |
| Kidney Function | SGLT2 Inhibitors | Strong | 25 | 30 | Browse |
| Insulin Resistance | Probiotics and Synbiotics | Strong | 53 | 57 | Browse |
| Physical Activity Levels | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 8 | 7 | Browse |
| Hypoglycemia | Insulin Delivery Systems | Strong | 27 | 29 | Browse |
CGM Time in Range
Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 47
71 relationships
Browse evidenceFasting Glucose
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 89
78 relationships
Browse evidenceQuality of Life Outcomes
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 34
32 relationships
Browse evidenceHbA1c
SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 163
85 relationships
Browse evidenceBody Mass Index
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 59
43 relationships
Browse evidenceBody Weight
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 76
53 relationships
Browse evidenceCardiovascular Outcomes
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 24
35 relationships
Browse evidenceDiabetes Management Self-Efficacy
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 15
17 relationships
Browse evidenceKidney Function
SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 25
30 relationships
Browse evidenceInsulin Resistance
Probiotics and Synbiotics
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 53
57 relationships
Browse evidencePhysical Activity Levels
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 8
7 relationships
Browse evidenceHypoglycemia
Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 27
29 relationships
Browse evidenceAll Outcomes
Browse 1,113 outcomes represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 1,113 outcomes
| Outcome | Category | Group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Interventions | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c | Glycemic Control | HbA1c | 87/100 | 307 | 214 | |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 83/100 | 100 | 92 | |
| Body weight | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Weight | 87/100 | 99 | 78 | |
| BMI | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Mass Index | 79/100 | 72 | 60 | |
| Systolic blood pressure | Metabolic Health | Blood Pressure | 79/100 | 49 | 46 | |
| Insulin resistance | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 79/100 | 47 | 46 | |
| Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 79/100 | 47 | 45 | |
| Quality of life | Patient-Reported | Quality of Life Outcomes | 79/100 | 44 | 44 | |
| Time in range | Glycemic Control | CGM Time in Range | 84/100 | 54 | 43 | |
| Blood glucose | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 79/100 | 36 | 35 | |
| Waist circumference | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Composition | 79/100 | 40 | 33 | |
| Glucose iAUC (OGTT) | Glycemic Control | Postprandial and OGTT Glucose | 79/100 | 39 | 32 | |
| Sleep quality | Patient-Reported | Quality of Life Outcomes | 79/100 | 28 | 29 | |
| Adverse events incidence | Safety | Adverse Events and Safety | 79/100 | 28 | 26 | |
| Fasting insulin levels | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 79/100 | 24 | 23 | |
| C-reactive protein | Metabolic Health | Inflammatory Markers | 81/100 | 28 | 22 | |
| Diabetes self-management behaviors | Patient-Reported | Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy | 79/100 | 24 | 21 | |
| Periodontal probing depth | Clinical Outcomes | 83/100 | 29 | 19 | ||
| Hypoglycemia events | Safety | Hypoglycemia | 79/100 | 19 | 18 | |
| Total daily insulin dose | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 79/100 | 19 | 18 | |
| Time above range | Glycemic Control | CGM Time in Range | 79/100 | 20 | 17 | |
| Clinical attachment level | Clinical Outcomes | 84/100 | 26 | 15 | ||
| Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization) | Clinical Outcomes | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 86/100 | 19 | 15 | |
| Lean body mass | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Composition | 79/100 | 12 | 13 | |
| Time below range | Glycemic Control | CGM Time in Range | 79/100 | 13 | 11 |
HbA1c
Glycemic Control - HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- 87/100
- Studies
- 307
214 interventions
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 100
92 interventions
Body weight
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Weight
- EvidenceScore™
- 87/100
- Studies
- 99
78 interventions
BMI
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Mass Index
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 72
60 interventions
Systolic blood pressure
Metabolic Health - Blood Pressure
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 49
46 interventions
Insulin resistance
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 47
46 interventions
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 47
45 interventions
Quality of life
Patient-Reported - Quality of Life Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 44
44 interventions
Time in range
Glycemic Control - CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 54
43 interventions
Blood glucose
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 36
35 interventions
Waist circumference
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Composition
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 40
33 interventions
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Glycemic Control - Postprandial and OGTT Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 39
32 interventions
Sleep quality
Patient-Reported - Quality of Life Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 28
29 interventions
Adverse events incidence
Safety - Adverse Events and Safety
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 28
26 interventions
Fasting insulin levels
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 24
23 interventions
C-reactive protein
Metabolic Health - Inflammatory Markers
- EvidenceScore™
- 81/100
- Studies
- 28
22 interventions
Diabetes self-management behaviors
Patient-Reported - Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 24
21 interventions
Periodontal probing depth
Clinical Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 29
19 interventions
Hypoglycemia events
Safety - Hypoglycemia
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 19
18 interventions
Total daily insulin dose
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 19
18 interventions
Time above range
Glycemic Control - CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 20
17 interventions
Clinical attachment level
Clinical Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 26
15 interventions
Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Clinical Outcomes - Cardiovascular Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 19
15 interventions
Lean body mass
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Composition
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 12
13 interventions
Time below range
Glycemic Control - CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 13
11 interventions