Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
HbA1c Reduction
Evidence related to lowering or improving HbA1c/A1C in diabetes management.
- Studies
- 360
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetesUsual careDSMES
Outcome Evidence
Outcome Evidence
Explore diabetes-related outcomes, how they are measured, and which interventions affect them.
2,021
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across diabetes research
49
Outcome Groups
Backend-defined outcome groups with evidence coverage
1,212
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence index
6,475
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
784
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence index
Dediabetes organizes diabetes outcomes by interventions studied, evidence strength, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Outcomes
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Weight Loss
Evidence related to body weight reduction, BMI improvement, waist circumference, and body composition changes.
- Studies
- 204
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Low-carbohydrate dietDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitorsAerobic exercise
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Glycemic Control
Evidence related to blood glucose control, fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glucose variability, and time in range.
- Studies
- 252
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetesMetforminContinuous glucose monitoring
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Treatment Adherence
Evidence related to treatment adherence, medication use, physical activity participation, step count, diet intake, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-care behavior adherence.
- Studies
- 105
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Mobile app for diabetes self-managementInstructional WhatsApp group for diabetes self-careComplex lifestyle intervention
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Inflammatory and Vascular Markers
Evidence related to inflammatory, oxidative stress, endothelial, and vascular biomarkers measured in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 78
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Vitamin D supplementationExercise therapyNon-surgical periodontal treatment
Moderate ResearchModerate Research
Physical Activity Levels
Evidence related to physical activity levels and physical activity changes in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 40
- Evidence
- Moderate Research
Featured interventions
Peer-support lifestyle programComplex lifestyle interventionExercise therapy
What's New in Outcome Evidence
May 1, 2026
Psychoeducational Program Improves T1D Literacy in Schools
Relevant to 2 evidence relationships in this category.
May 1, 2026
Semaglutide reduces insulin doses in type 1 diabetes
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
April 22, 2026
Online education improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes management
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
April 6, 2026
Exercise training improves cognitive function and balance in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 4 evidence relationships in this category.
April 5, 2026
Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet Shows Comparable Weight Loss to VLCKD
Relevant to 2 evidence relationships in this category.
March 13, 2026
Nimba Amalakyadi Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 4 evidence relationships in this category.
March 1, 2026
Corticosteroids may help manage cytokine release syndrome during teplizumab therapy
Relevant to 1 evidence relationship in this category.
February 24, 2026
Canagliflozin improves myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 1 evidence relationship in this category.
Explore Outcomes by Category
Clinical Outcomes
733Evidence for outcomes in Clinical Outcomes.
Diabetes PreventionStrong
Plaque Index (PI)Strong
Glycemic Control
207Evidence for outcomes in Glycemic Control.
Explore categoryPatient Reported
295Evidence for outcomes in Patient Reported.
Explore categoryMetabolic Health
395Evidence for outcomes in Metabolic Health.
Explore categoryWeight & Anthropometrics
57Evidence for outcomes in Weight & Anthropometrics.
Explore categoryAdherence & Engagement
186Evidence for outcomes in Adherence & Engagement.
Diabetic NeuropathyStrong
Safety
70Evidence for outcomes in Safety.
HypoglycemiaStrong
Most Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Top-ranked relationships with available EvidenceScore™ and ConsistencyScore™ signals.
Supporting studies: Based on 22 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 15 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 11 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 20 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 11 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 44 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 20 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 16 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Outcome and Intervention Groups
| Outcome group | Featured intervention group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Relationships | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting Glucose | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 146 | 103 | Browse |
| Body Mass Index | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 77 | 53 | Browse |
| Blood Pressure | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 52 | 53 | Browse |
| Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 26 | 24 | Browse |
| Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 79 | 132 | Browse |
| HbA1c | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 253 | 99 | Browse |
| CGM Time in Range | Insulin Delivery Systems | Strong | 73 | 76 | Browse |
| Physical Activity Levels | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 15 | 11 | Browse |
| Body Weight | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 109 | 63 | Browse |
| Quality of Life Outcomes | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 46 | 38 | Browse |
| Mental Health | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Strong | 25 | 33 | Browse |
| Hypoglycemia | Insulin Delivery Systems | Strong | 35 | 36 | Browse |
Fasting Glucose
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 146
103 relationships
Browse evidenceBody Mass Index
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 77
53 relationships
Browse evidenceBlood Pressure
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 52
53 relationships
Browse evidenceDiabetes Management Self-Efficacy
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 26
24 relationships
Browse evidenceAdipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 79
132 relationships
Browse evidenceHbA1c
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 253
99 relationships
Browse evidenceCGM Time in Range
Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 73
76 relationships
Browse evidencePhysical Activity Levels
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 15
11 relationships
Browse evidenceBody Weight
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 109
63 relationships
Browse evidenceQuality of Life Outcomes
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 46
38 relationships
Browse evidenceMental Health
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 25
33 relationships
Browse evidenceHypoglycemia
Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 35
36 relationships
Browse evidenceAll Outcomes
Browse 2,021 outcomes represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 2,021 outcomes
| Outcome | Category | Group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Interventions | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c | Glycemic Control | HbA1c | 87/100 | 524 | 339 | |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 87/100 | 197 | 158 | |
| Body weight | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Weight | 86/100 | 171 | 130 | |
| BMI | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Mass Index | 87/100 | 131 | 109 | |
| Triglycerides | Metabolic Health | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 79/100 | 99 | 102 | |
| Systolic blood pressure | Metabolic Health | Blood Pressure | 84/100 | 108 | 91 | |
| Insulin resistance | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 79/100 | 94 | 81 | |
| Glucose iAUC (OGTT) | Glycemic Control | Postprandial and OGTT Glucose | 83/100 | 70 | 75 | |
| Blood glucose | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 79/100 | 77 | 73 | |
| LDL cholesterol | Metabolic Health | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 79/100 | 73 | 69 | |
| Time in range | Glycemic Control | CGM Time in Range | 88/100 | 93 | 68 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Metabolic Health | Blood Pressure | 83/100 | 70 | 68 | |
| Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 79/100 | 65 | 67 | |
| Quality of life | Patient-Reported | Quality of Life Outcomes | 79/100 | 72 | 65 | |
| Waist circumference | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Composition | 84/100 | 68 | 53 | |
| Fasting insulin levels | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 79/100 | 42 | 41 | |
| C-reactive protein | Metabolic Health | Inflammatory Markers | 81/100 | 47 | 40 | |
| Sleep quality | Patient-Reported | Quality of Life Outcomes | 79/100 | 35 | 34 | |
| Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week) | Adherence & Engagement | Physical Activity Levels | 79/100 | 38 | 32 | |
| Insulin sensitivity | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 79/100 | 30 | 31 | |
| Depression score | Patient-Reported | Mental Health | 79/100 | 32 | 30 | |
| Weight change | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Weight | 79/100 | 31 | 30 | |
| Adverse events incidence | Safety | Adverse Events and Safety | 79/100 | 32 | 29 | |
| Periodontal probing depth | Clinical Outcomes | 83/100 | 41 | 27 | ||
| Diabetes self-management behaviors | Patient-Reported | Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy | 83/100 | 36 | 27 |
HbA1c
Glycemic Control - HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- 87/100
- Studies
- 524
339 interventions
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 87/100
- Studies
- 197
158 interventions
Body weight
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Weight
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 171
130 interventions
BMI
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Mass Index
- EvidenceScore™
- 87/100
- Studies
- 131
109 interventions
Triglycerides
Metabolic Health - Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 99
102 interventions
Systolic blood pressure
Metabolic Health - Blood Pressure
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 108
91 interventions
Insulin resistance
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 94
81 interventions
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Glycemic Control - Postprandial and OGTT Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 70
75 interventions
Blood glucose
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 77
73 interventions
LDL cholesterol
Metabolic Health - Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 73
69 interventions
Time in range
Glycemic Control - CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- 88/100
- Studies
- 93
68 interventions
Diastolic blood pressure
Metabolic Health - Blood Pressure
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 70
68 interventions
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 65
67 interventions
Quality of life
Patient-Reported - Quality of Life Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 72
65 interventions
Waist circumference
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Composition
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 68
53 interventions
Fasting insulin levels
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 42
41 interventions
C-reactive protein
Metabolic Health - Inflammatory Markers
- EvidenceScore™
- 81/100
- Studies
- 47
40 interventions
Sleep quality
Patient-Reported - Quality of Life Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 35
34 interventions
Physical activity level (MET-minutes per week)
Adherence & Engagement - Physical Activity Levels
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 38
32 interventions
Insulin sensitivity
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 30
31 interventions
Depression score
Patient-Reported - Mental Health
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 32
30 interventions
Weight change
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Weight
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 31
30 interventions
Adverse events incidence
Safety - Adverse Events and Safety
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 32
29 interventions
Periodontal probing depth
Clinical Outcomes
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 41
27 interventions
Diabetes self-management behaviors
Patient-Reported - Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 36
27 interventions