Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
HbA1c Reduction
Evidence related to lowering or improving HbA1c/A1C in diabetes management.
- Studies
- 156
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
SemaglutideMetforminTirzepatide
Outcome Evidence
Outcome Evidence
Explore diabetes-related outcomes, how they are measured, and which interventions affect them.
773
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across diabetes research
39
Outcome Groups
Backend-defined outcome groups with evidence coverage
370
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence graph
1,997
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
266
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence graph
Last updated: July 11, 2026
Dediabetes organizes diabetes outcomes by interventions studied, evidence strength, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Outcomes
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Weight Loss
Evidence related to body weight reduction, BMI improvement, waist circumference, and body composition changes.
- Studies
- 93
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
SemaglutideTirzepatideLiraglutide
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Glycemic Control
Evidence related to blood glucose control, fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glucose variability, and time in range.
- Studies
- 97
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Multi-species synbiotic (12 probiotic strains + FOS prebiotic)Lifestyle intervention for prediabetesVitamin D supplementation
Extensive ResearchExtensive Research
Treatment Adherence
Evidence related to treatment adherence, medication use, physical activity participation, step count, diet intake, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-care behavior adherence.
- Studies
- 49
- Evidence
- Extensive Research
Featured interventions
Mobile app for diabetes self-managementBehavioral counselingRemote multiprofessional educational program
Moderate ResearchModerate Research
Inflammatory and Vascular Markers
Evidence related to inflammatory, oxidative stress, endothelial, and vascular biomarkers measured in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 31
- Evidence
- Moderate Research
Featured interventions
SemaglutideVitamin D supplementationBeaT-2/Sugarburner
Limited ResearchLimited Research
Physical Activity Levels
Evidence related to physical activity levels and physical activity changes in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 11
- Evidence
- Limited Research
Featured interventions
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotionLifestyle intervention for prediabetesDiabeText
What's New in Outcome Evidence
January 1, 2026
Aromatherapy and VR enhance sleep quality in diabetes
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
BL21 Probiotic Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 6 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Carob concentrate may improve blood sugar markers in prediabetes
Relevant to 4 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
CHIP improves health outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 2 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Consumer Sleep Trackers Improve Sleep Behavior Change
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcuma longa extract improves neuropathy symptoms in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcumin may improve inflammation and glycemic control in diabetes
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcumin-Piperine Improves Mental Health and Sleep in Diabetic Retinopathy
Relevant to 4 evidence relationships in this category.
Explore Outcomes by Category
Metabolic Health
165Evidence for outcomes in Metabolic Health.
Dietary PatternsStrong
Insulin ResistanceStrong
Glycemic Control
65Evidence for outcomes in Glycemic Control.
Explore categorySafety
29Evidence for outcomes in Safety.
Explore categoryPatient Reported
122Evidence for outcomes in Patient Reported.
Explore categoryWeight & Anthropometrics
23Evidence for outcomes in Weight & Anthropometrics.
Explore categoryClinical Outcomes
269Evidence for outcomes in Clinical Outcomes.
Explore categoryAdherence & Engagement
70Evidence for outcomes in Adherence & Engagement.
Diabetic NeuropathyModerate
Patient engagementEmerging
Outcome Evidence Snapshot
87
Strongest Outcome Evidence
Outcomes with the strongest supported intervention relationships.
Dietary Patterns
180
Most Studied Outcome
Entity with the broadest research coverage in this index.
Dietary Patterns
132
Most Connected Outcome
Entity connected to the most scored evidence relationships.
Dietary Patterns
8
Strong Validated Relationships
Top-ranked group relationships with strong or very strong evidence labels.
Metformin Therapies -> HbA1c
Most Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Backend-ranked relationships with public evidence and consistency score objects.
| Intervention | Outcome | EvidenceScore™ | ConsistencyScore™ | Studies | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin Therapies | HbA1c | 88/100 | 86/100 | 8 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Body Weight | 86/100 | 96/100 | 25 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | HbA1c | 86/100 | 92/100 | 25 | Explore |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Fasting Glucose | 86/100 | 57/100 | 8 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 85/100 | 83/100 | 9 | Explore |
| Probiotics and Synbiotics | Fasting Glucose | 85/100 | 56/100 | 9 | Explore |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | HbA1c | 85/100 | 67/100 | 26 | Explore |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Quality of Life Outcomes | 85/100 | 86/100 | 9 | Explore |
Metformin Therapies - HbA1c
88/10086/1008 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Body Weight
86/10096/10025 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - HbA1c
86/10092/10025 studies
Explore evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs - Fasting Glucose
86/10057/1008 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Cardiovascular Outcomes
85/10083/1009 studies
Explore evidenceProbiotics and Synbiotics - Fasting Glucose
85/10056/1009 studies
Explore evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs - HbA1c
85/10067/10026 studies
Explore evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs - Quality of Life Outcomes
85/10086/1009 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Outcome and Intervention Groups
| Outcome group | Featured intervention group | Relationships | Studies | Evidence | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c | Metformin Therapies | 58 | 101 | Strong | Browse |
| Body Weight | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 32 | 41 | Strong | Browse |
| Fasting Glucose | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 44 | 47 | Strong | Browse |
| Cardiovascular Outcomes | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 17 | 18 | Strong | Browse |
| Quality of Life Outcomes | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 16 | 18 | Strong | Browse |
| Insulin Resistance | Probiotics and Synbiotics | 35 | 30 | Strong | Browse |
| Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 10 | 9 | Strong | Browse |
| Treatment Adherence | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 5 | 8 | Strong | Browse |
| Body Mass Index | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 28 | 34 | Strong | Browse |
| Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | Probiotics and Synbiotics | 82 | 38 | Strong | Browse |
| Hypoglycemia | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 27 | 22 | Strong | Browse |
| Kidney Function | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 28 | 21 | Strong | Browse |
HbA1c
Metformin Therapies
58 relationships101 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceBody Weight
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
32 relationships41 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceFasting Glucose
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
44 relationships47 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceCardiovascular Outcomes
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
17 relationships18 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceQuality of Life Outcomes
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
16 relationships18 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceInsulin Resistance
Probiotics and Synbiotics
35 relationships30 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceDiabetes Management Self-Efficacy
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
10 relationships9 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceTreatment Adherence
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
5 relationships8 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceBody Mass Index
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
28 relationships34 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceAdipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Probiotics and Synbiotics
82 relationships38 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceHypoglycemia
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
27 relationships22 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceKidney Function
SGLT2 Inhibitors
28 relationships21 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceAll Outcomes
Browse 773 outcomes represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 773 outcomes
| Outcome | Category | Group | Studies | Interventions | Evidence | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c | Glycemic Control | HbA1c | 180 | 132 | Strong | |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 49 | 48 | Strong | |
| Body weight | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Weight | 55 | 45 | Strong | |
| BMI | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Mass Index | 50 | 43 | Strong | |
| Insulin resistance | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 32 | 33 | Strong | |
| Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 29 | 27 | Strong | |
| Blood glucose | Glycemic Control | Fasting Glucose | 26 | 25 | Strong | |
| Quality of life | Patient-Reported | Quality of Life Outcomes | 24 | 23 | Strong | |
| Adverse events incidence | Safety | Adverse Events and Safety | 22 | 22 | Strong | |
| Waist circumference | Weight & Anthropometrics | Body Composition | 23 | 18 | Strong | |
| Diabetes self-management behaviors | Patient-Reported | Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy | 17 | 17 | Strong | |
| Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization) | Clinical Outcomes | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 15 | 14 | Strong | |
| All-cause mortality | Clinical Outcomes | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 17 | 12 | Strong | |
| Fasting insulin levels | Metabolic Health | Insulin Resistance | 16 | 12 | Strong | |
| Severe hypoglycemia | Safety | Hypoglycemia | 6 | 8 | Strong | |
| Malondialdehyde (MDA) | Metabolic Health | Oxidative Stress Markers | 9 | 7 | Strong | |
| Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D | Metabolic Health | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 7 | 5 | Strong | |
| Cardiovascular events | Clinical Outcomes | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 6 | 5 | Strong | |
| Nonfatal stroke | Clinical Outcomes | 3 | 2 | Strong | ||
| Serum concentration of vitamin D | Metabolic Health | 4 | 1 | Strong | ||
| Systolic blood pressure | Metabolic Health | Blood Pressure | 39 | 36 | Moderate | |
| Triglycerides | Metabolic Health | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 35 | 36 | Moderate | |
| LDL cholesterol | Metabolic Health | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 33 | 35 | Moderate | |
| Total cholesterol | Metabolic Health | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 30 | 32 | Moderate | |
| Sleep quality | Patient-Reported | Quality of Life Outcomes | 22 | 25 | Moderate |
HbA1c
Glycemic Control - HbA1c
180 studies132 interventions
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
49 studies48 interventions
Body weight
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Weight
55 studies45 interventions
BMI
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Mass Index
50 studies43 interventions
Insulin resistance
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
32 studies33 interventions
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
29 studies27 interventions
Blood glucose
Glycemic Control - Fasting Glucose
26 studies25 interventions
Quality of life
Patient-Reported - Quality of Life Outcomes
24 studies23 interventions
Adverse events incidence
Safety - Adverse Events and Safety
22 studies22 interventions
Waist circumference
Weight & Anthropometrics - Body Composition
23 studies18 interventions
Diabetes self-management behaviors
Patient-Reported - Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy
17 studies17 interventions
Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Clinical Outcomes - Cardiovascular Outcomes
15 studies14 interventions
All-cause mortality
Clinical Outcomes - Cardiovascular Outcomes
17 studies12 interventions
Fasting insulin levels
Metabolic Health - Insulin Resistance
16 studies12 interventions
Severe hypoglycemia
Safety - Hypoglycemia
6 studies8 interventions
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Metabolic Health - Oxidative Stress Markers
9 studies7 interventions
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Metabolic Health - Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
7 studies5 interventions
Cardiovascular events
Clinical Outcomes - Cardiovascular Outcomes
6 studies5 interventions
Nonfatal stroke
Clinical Outcomes
3 studies2 interventions
Serum concentration of vitamin D
Metabolic Health
4 studies1 interventions
Systolic blood pressure
Metabolic Health - Blood Pressure
39 studies36 interventions
Triglycerides
Metabolic Health - Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
35 studies36 interventions
LDL cholesterol
Metabolic Health - Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
33 studies35 interventions
Total cholesterol
Metabolic Health - Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
30 studies32 interventions
Sleep quality
Patient-Reported - Quality of Life Outcomes
22 studies25 interventions