Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Metformin
Evidence related to metformin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 15
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)BMI
Intervention Evidence
Intervention Evidence
Explore treatments, medications, devices, dietary approaches, and other interventions studied in diabetes research.
266
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence graph
18
Intervention Groups
Backend-defined intervention groups with evidence coverage
370
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence graph
1,997
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
773
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across intervention evidence
Last updated: July 11, 2026
Dediabetes organizes diabetes interventions by evidence strength, outcomes studied, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Interventions
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Evidence related to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 42
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightAll-cause mortality
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Liraglutide
Evidence related to liraglutide and liraglutide-containing intervention regimens in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 12
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
Body weightBMIHbA1c
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Insulin Therapies
Evidence related to insulin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 8
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBlood glucoseTotal daily insulin dose
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Evidence related to SGLT2 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 19
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightAlanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Evidence related to DPP-4 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 11
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightCommon carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT)
What's New in Intervention Evidence
May 26, 2026
Photobiomodulation shows small periodontal benefits but mixed systemic effects in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 1 evidence relationship in this category.
January 1, 2026
Aromatherapy and VR enhance sleep quality in diabetes
Relevant to 1 evidence relationship in this category.
January 1, 2026
BL21 Probiotic Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Carob concentrate may improve blood sugar markers in prediabetes
Relevant to 8 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
CHIP improves health outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 6 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcuma longa extract improves neuropathy symptoms in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 11 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcumin may improve inflammation and glycemic control in diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Dapagliflozin-linagliptin combo improves glycemic control and organ protection
Relevant to 8 evidence relationships in this category.
Explore Interventions by Category
Diet and Nutrition
26Evidence for interventions in Diet and Nutrition.
Cardiometabolic RiskModerate
Dietary PatternsModerate
Dietary PatternsModerate
Dietary PatternsEmerging
Medications
72Evidence for interventions in Medications.
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsStrong
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsStrong
Physical Activity
13Evidence for interventions in Physical Activity.
Cardiometabolic RiskModerate
Aerobic ExerciseModerate
Cardiometabolic RiskModerate
Diabetic NeuropathyEmerging
Supplements
56Evidence for interventions in Supplements.
Explore categoryBehavioral & Lifestyle
55Evidence for interventions in Behavioral & Lifestyle.
PrediabetesStrong
Devices & Technology
16Evidence for interventions in Devices & Technology.
Explore categoryControl
4Evidence for interventions in Control.
Control (Usual Activity)Emerging
Maltodextrin (control)Emerging
Procedures
13Evidence for interventions in Procedures.
Diabetic NeuropathyEmerging
Intervention Evidence Snapshot
82
Strongest Intervention Evidence
Interventions with the strongest supported evidence relationships.
Diabetic Neuropathy
20
Most Studied Intervention
Entity with the broadest research coverage in this index.
Adverse Events and Safety
71
Most Connected Intervention
Entity connected to the most scored evidence relationships.
Diabetic Neuropathy
8
Strong Validated Relationships
Top-ranked group relationships with strong or very strong evidence labels.
Metformin Therapies -> HbA1c
Most Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Backend-ranked relationships with public evidence and consistency score objects.
| Intervention | Outcome | EvidenceScore™ | ConsistencyScore™ | Studies | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin Therapies | HbA1c | 88/100 | 86/100 | 8 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Body Weight | 86/100 | 96/100 | 25 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | HbA1c | 86/100 | 92/100 | 25 | Explore |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Fasting Glucose | 86/100 | 57/100 | 8 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 85/100 | 83/100 | 9 | Explore |
| Probiotics and Synbiotics | Fasting Glucose | 85/100 | 56/100 | 9 | Explore |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | HbA1c | 85/100 | 67/100 | 26 | Explore |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Quality of Life Outcomes | 85/100 | 86/100 | 9 | Explore |
Metformin Therapies - HbA1c
88/10086/1008 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Body Weight
86/10096/10025 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - HbA1c
86/10092/10025 studies
Explore evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs - Fasting Glucose
86/10057/1008 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Cardiovascular Outcomes
85/10083/1009 studies
Explore evidenceProbiotics and Synbiotics - Fasting Glucose
85/10056/1009 studies
Explore evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs - HbA1c
85/10067/10026 studies
Explore evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs - Quality of Life Outcomes
85/10086/1009 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Intervention and Outcome Groups
| Intervention group | Featured outcome group | Relationships | Studies | Evidence | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin Therapies | HbA1c | 32 | 13 | Strong | Browse |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Body Weight | 102 | 42 | Strong | Browse |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Fasting Glucose | 122 | 41 | Strong | Browse |
| Probiotics and Synbiotics | Fasting Glucose | 54 | 14 | Strong | Browse |
| SGLT2 Inhibitors | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 46 | 16 | Strong | Browse |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | HbA1c | 30 | 11 | Strong | Browse |
| Insulin Therapies | HbA1c | 28 | 8 | Strong | Browse |
| Insulin Delivery Systems | HbA1c | 29 | 12 | Strong | Browse |
| Sulfonylureas | Hypoglycemia | 8 | 4 | Strong | Browse |
| Aerobic Exercise | HbA1c | 10 | 5 | Strong | Browse |
| Curcumin Supplements | Fasting Glucose | 31 | 5 | Strong | Browse |
| Magnesium Supplements | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 13 | 4 | Strong | Browse |
Metformin Therapies
HbA1c
32 relationships13 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Body Weight
102 relationships42 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Fasting Glucose
122 relationships41 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceProbiotics and Synbiotics
Fasting Glucose
54 relationships14 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceSGLT2 Inhibitors
Cardiovascular Outcomes
46 relationships16 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceDPP-4 Inhibitors
HbA1c
30 relationships11 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceInsulin Therapies
HbA1c
28 relationships8 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceInsulin Delivery Systems
HbA1c
29 relationships12 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceSulfonylureas
Hypoglycemia
8 relationships4 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceAerobic Exercise
HbA1c
10 relationships5 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceCurcumin Supplements
Fasting Glucose
31 relationships5 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceMagnesium Supplements
Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
13 relationships4 studiesStrong
Browse evidenceAll Interventions
Browse 266 interventions represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 266 interventions
| Intervention | Category | Group | Studies | Outcomes | Evidence | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D supplementation | Supplements | Diabetic Neuropathy | 18 | 71 | Strong | |
| Semaglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 20 | 53 | Strong | |
| Dapagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 8 | 47 | Strong | |
| Liraglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 10 | 44 | Strong | |
| SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 13 | 41 | Strong | |
| Tirzepatide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 12 | 40 | Strong | |
| Metformin | Medications | Metformin Therapies | 12 | 30 | Strong | |
| Mobile app for diabetes self-management | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 7 | 25 | Strong | ||
| DSMES | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 5 | 20 | Strong | |
| Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Prediabetes | 7 | 19 | Strong | |
| Usual care | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 8 | 18 | Strong | ||
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 5 | 16 | Strong | |
| Multi-species synbiotic (12 probiotic strains + FOS prebiotic) | Supplements | Probiotics and Synbiotics | 3 | 16 | Strong | |
| Insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (iGlarLixi) | Medications | Insulin Therapies | 3 | 12 | Strong | |
| Remote multiprofessional educational program | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 6 | 11 | Strong | |
| Dulaglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 5 | 10 | Strong | |
| Sitagliptin | Medications | DPP-4 Inhibitors | 5 | 7 | Strong | |
| Hybrid closed-loop system | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 7 | 27 | Moderate | |
| Empagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 7 | 25 | Moderate | |
| Resistance training | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 4 | 22 | Moderate | |
| Aerobic exercise | Physical Activity | Aerobic Exercise | 3 | 22 | Moderate | |
| mHealth diabetes support intervention | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 2 | 21 | Moderate | ||
| Exercise therapy | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 6 | 20 | Moderate | |
| Intensive lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 4 | 20 | Moderate | |
| Finerenone (nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) | Medications | Diabetic Kidney Disease | 5 | 18 | Moderate |
Vitamin D supplementation
Supplements - Diabetic Neuropathy
18 studies71 outcomes
Semaglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
20 studies53 outcomes
Dapagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
8 studies47 outcomes
Liraglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
10 studies44 outcomes
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
13 studies41 outcomes
Tirzepatide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
12 studies40 outcomes
Metformin
Medications - Metformin Therapies
12 studies30 outcomes
Mobile app for diabetes self-management
Behavioral & Lifestyle
7 studies25 outcomes
DSMES
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
5 studies20 outcomes
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Prediabetes
7 studies19 outcomes
Usual care
Behavioral & Lifestyle
8 studies18 outcomes
Continuous glucose monitoring
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
5 studies16 outcomes
Multi-species synbiotic (12 probiotic strains + FOS prebiotic)
Supplements - Probiotics and Synbiotics
3 studies16 outcomes
Insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (iGlarLixi)
Medications - Insulin Therapies
3 studies12 outcomes
Remote multiprofessional educational program
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
6 studies11 outcomes
Dulaglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
5 studies10 outcomes
Sitagliptin
Medications - DPP-4 Inhibitors
5 studies7 outcomes
Hybrid closed-loop system
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
7 studies27 outcomes
Empagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
7 studies25 outcomes
Resistance training
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
4 studies22 outcomes
Aerobic exercise
Physical Activity - Aerobic Exercise
3 studies22 outcomes
mHealth diabetes support intervention
Behavioral & Lifestyle
2 studies21 outcomes
Exercise therapy
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
6 studies20 outcomes
Intensive lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes remission
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
4 studies20 outcomes
Finerenone (nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist)
Medications - Diabetic Kidney Disease
5 studies18 outcomes