Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Metformin
Evidence related to metformin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 26
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Intervention Evidence
Intervention Evidence
Explore treatments, medications, devices, dietary approaches, and other interventions studied in diabetes research.
426
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence index
27
Intervention Groups
Backend-defined intervention groups with evidence coverage
711
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence index
3,658
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
1,221
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across intervention evidence
Dediabetes organizes diabetes interventions by evidence strength, outcomes studied, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Interventions
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Evidence related to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 55
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightComposite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Liraglutide
Evidence related to liraglutide and liraglutide-containing intervention regimens in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 15
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
Body weightHbA1cBMI
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Insulin Therapies
Evidence related to insulin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 23
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cTime in rangeTotal daily insulin dose
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Evidence related to SGLT2 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 30
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Evidence related to DPP-4 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 20
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cCoefficient of variationBody weight
What's New in Intervention Evidence
January 1, 2026
Acute exercise improves long-term glycemic control in older adults.
Relevant to 5 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Afternoon fed resistance exercise improves glucose levels in type 1 diabetes
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Aloe Vera Gel Improves Periodontal Health in Diabetic Patients
Relevant to 10 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Artificial pancreas may improve glucose control in type 1 diabetes
Relevant to 5 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Automated insulin-glucagon delivery reduces hypoglycemia risk
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Bariatric surgery improves type 2 diabetes remission through gut microbiota changes
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Baseline features predict exenatide efficacy in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 10 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
BL21 Probiotic Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
Explore Interventions by Category
Diet and Nutrition
49Evidence for interventions in Diet and Nutrition.
Explore categoryMedications
122Evidence for interventions in Medications.
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsStrong
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsStrong
Supplements
66Evidence for interventions in Supplements.
Diabetic NeuropathyStrong
MelatoninStrong
Physical Activity
21Evidence for interventions in Physical Activity.
Cardiometabolic RiskStrong
Cardiometabolic RiskStrong
Aerobic ExerciseStrong
Insulin ResistanceModerate
Behavioral & Lifestyle
96Evidence for interventions in Behavioral & Lifestyle.
Dietary PatternsStrong
PrediabetesStrong
Devices & Technology
31Evidence for interventions in Devices & Technology.
Explore categoryProcedures
30Evidence for interventions in Procedures.
SRP + OHIStrong
Bariatric ProceduresModerate
Most Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Top-ranked relationships with available EvidenceScore™ and ConsistencyScore™ signals.
Supporting studies: Based on 17 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 17 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 16 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 33 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 16 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 14 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 12 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 10 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Intervention and Outcome Groups
| Intervention group | Featured outcome group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Relationships | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 62 | 165 | Browse |
| Insulin Delivery Systems | CGM Time in Range | Strong | 25 | 42 | Browse |
| SGLT2 Inhibitors | HbA1c | Strong | 26 | 65 | Browse |
| Metformin Therapies | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 24 | 39 | Browse |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | HbA1c | Strong | 20 | 51 | Browse |
| Insulin Therapies | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 23 | 46 | Browse |
| Probiotics and Synbiotics | HbA1c | Strong | 16 | 56 | Browse |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | HbA1c | Strong | 58 | 143 | Browse |
| Digital Lifestyle Interventions | Body Mass Index | Strong | 9 | 29 | Browse |
| Thiazolidinediones | HbA1c | Strong | 7 | 9 | Browse |
| Scaling and Root Planing Procedures | HbA1c | Strong | 6 | 11 | Browse |
| mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions | HbA1c | Strong | 5 | 24 | Browse |
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 62
165 relationships
Browse evidenceInsulin Delivery Systems
CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 25
42 relationships
Browse evidenceSGLT2 Inhibitors
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 26
65 relationships
Browse evidenceMetformin Therapies
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 24
39 relationships
Browse evidenceDPP-4 Inhibitors
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 20
51 relationships
Browse evidenceInsulin Therapies
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 23
46 relationships
Browse evidenceProbiotics and Synbiotics
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 16
56 relationships
Browse evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 58
143 relationships
Browse evidenceDigital Lifestyle Interventions
Body Mass Index
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 9
29 relationships
Browse evidenceThiazolidinediones
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 7
9 relationships
Browse evidenceScaling and Root Planing Procedures
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 6
11 relationships
Browse evidencemHealth Diabetes Support Interventions
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 5
24 relationships
Browse evidenceAll Interventions
Browse 426 interventions represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 426 interventions
| Intervention | Category | Group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Outcomes | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 86/100 | 28 | 86 | |
| Vitamin D supplementation | Supplements | Diabetic Neuropathy | 82/100 | 19 | 77 | |
| Liraglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 83/100 | 13 | 56 | |
| Metformin | Medications | Metformin Therapies | 85/100 | 22 | 55 | |
| Tirzepatide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 83/100 | 16 | 51 | |
| Dapagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 79/100 | 10 | 50 | |
| DSMES | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 87/100 | 12 | 48 | |
| SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 82/100 | 12 | 48 | |
| Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) | Diet and Nutrition | Dietary Patterns | 79/100 | 8 | 48 | |
| Hybrid closed-loop system | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 86/100 | 14 | 45 | |
| Exercise therapy | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 83/100 | 12 | 45 | |
| Empagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 85/100 | 15 | 44 | |
| Low-carbohydrate diet | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education | 79/100 | 11 | 43 | |
| Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet | Diet and Nutrition | Ketogenic Diets | 79/100 | 9 | 43 | |
| Insulin therapy | Medications | Insulin Therapies | 79/100 | 12 | 42 | |
| Resistance training | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 79/100 | 9 | 40 | |
| Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Prediabetes | 85/100 | 16 | 39 | |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 83/100 | 12 | 38 | |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors | Medications | DPP-4 Inhibitors | 85/100 | 10 | 37 | |
| Melatonin | Supplements | 77/100 | 8 | 36 | ||
| Non-surgical periodontal treatment | Procedures | 84/100 | 19 | 35 | ||
| Usual care | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 86/100 | 21 | 34 | ||
| Calorie restriction | Diet and Nutrition | Dietary Patterns | 82/100 | 12 | 34 | |
| Aerobic exercise | Physical Activity | Aerobic Exercise | 79/100 | 6 | 33 | |
| Mobile app for diabetes self-management | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Technology | 79/100 | 8 | 26 |
Semaglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 28
86 outcomes
Vitamin D supplementation
Supplements - Diabetic Neuropathy
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 19
77 outcomes
Liraglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 13
56 outcomes
Metformin
Medications - Metformin Therapies
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 22
55 outcomes
Tirzepatide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 16
51 outcomes
Dapagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 10
50 outcomes
DSMES
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- 87/100
- Studies
- 12
48 outcomes
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 12
48 outcomes
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE)
Diet and Nutrition - Dietary Patterns
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 8
48 outcomes
Hybrid closed-loop system
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 14
45 outcomes
Exercise therapy
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 12
45 outcomes
Empagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 15
44 outcomes
Low-carbohydrate diet
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 11
43 outcomes
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet
Diet and Nutrition - Ketogenic Diets
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 9
43 outcomes
Insulin therapy
Medications - Insulin Therapies
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 12
42 outcomes
Resistance training
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 9
40 outcomes
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Prediabetes
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 16
39 outcomes
Continuous glucose monitoring
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 12
38 outcomes
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Medications - DPP-4 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 10
37 outcomes
Melatonin
Supplements
- EvidenceScore™
- 77/100
- Studies
- 8
36 outcomes
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Procedures
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 19
35 outcomes
Usual care
Behavioral & Lifestyle
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 21
34 outcomes
Calorie restriction
Diet and Nutrition - Dietary Patterns
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 12
34 outcomes
Aerobic exercise
Physical Activity - Aerobic Exercise
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 6
33 outcomes
Mobile app for diabetes self-management
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Technology
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 8
26 outcomes