Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Metformin
Evidence related to metformin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 24
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)BMI
Intervention Evidence
Intervention Evidence
Explore treatments, medications, devices, dietary approaches, and other interventions studied in diabetes research.
391
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence index
30
Intervention Groups
Backend-defined intervention groups with evidence coverage
643
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence index
3,268
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
1,113
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across intervention evidence
Dediabetes organizes diabetes interventions by evidence strength, outcomes studied, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Interventions
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Evidence related to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 52
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
Body weightHbA1cComposite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Liraglutide
Evidence related to liraglutide and liraglutide-containing intervention regimens in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 13
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
Body weightBMIHbA1c
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Insulin Therapies
Evidence related to insulin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 18
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cTime in rangeTotal daily insulin dose
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Evidence related to SGLT2 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 29
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
Body weightHbA1cFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Evidence related to DPP-4 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 18
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cCoefficient of variationBody weight
What's New in Intervention Evidence
January 1, 2026
Acute exercise improves long-term glycemic control in older adults.
Relevant to 5 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Afternoon fed resistance exercise improves glucose levels in type 1 diabetes
Relevant to 3 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Aromatherapy and VR enhance sleep quality in diabetes
Relevant to 1 evidence relationship in this category.
January 1, 2026
Automated insulin-glucagon delivery reduces hypoglycemia risk
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Bariatric surgery improves type 2 diabetes remission through gut microbiota changes
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Baseline features predict exenatide efficacy in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 10 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
BL21 Probiotic Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Boscisucrophage improves glycemic control in resistant type 2 diabetes patients
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
Explore Interventions by Category
Diet and Nutrition
46Evidence for interventions in Diet and Nutrition.
Explore categoryMedications
113Evidence for interventions in Medications.
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsStrong
Supplements
63Evidence for interventions in Supplements.
Diabetic NeuropathyStrong
Probiotics and SynbioticsModerate
Physical Activity
20Evidence for interventions in Physical Activity.
Cardiometabolic RiskStrong
Cardiometabolic RiskStrong
Aerobic ExerciseStrong
Insulin ResistanceModerate
Behavioral & Lifestyle
78Evidence for interventions in Behavioral & Lifestyle.
Usual careStrong
PrediabetesStrong
Devices & Technology
28Evidence for interventions in Devices & Technology.
Explore categoryProcedures
26Evidence for interventions in Procedures.
SRP + OHIStrong
Bariatric ProceduresModerate
Control
5Evidence for interventions in Control.
Control (Usual Activity)Emerging
Maltodextrin (control)Emerging
Most Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Top-ranked relationships with available EvidenceScore™ and ConsistencyScore™ signals.
Supporting studies: Based on 15 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 11 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 10 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 15 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 15 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 29 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 30 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 32 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Intervention and Outcome Groups
| Intervention group | Featured outcome group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Relationships | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin Delivery Systems | CGM Time in Range | Strong | 24 | 47 | Browse |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 55 | 167 | Browse |
| SGLT2 Inhibitors | HbA1c | Strong | 25 | 64 | Browse |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | HbA1c | Strong | 55 | 131 | Browse |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | HbA1c | Strong | 18 | 47 | Browse |
| Probiotics and Synbiotics | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 17 | 59 | Browse |
| Metformin Therapies | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 22 | 37 | Browse |
| Insulin Therapies | CGM Time in Range | Strong | 18 | 45 | Browse |
| mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions | HbA1c | Strong | 5 | 24 | Browse |
| Aerobic Exercise | Postprandial and OGTT Glucose | Strong | 10 | 25 | Browse |
| Glycemic Control Treatments | HbA1c | Strong | 7 | 19 | Browse |
| Digital Lifestyle Interventions | Body Weight | Strong | 6 | 21 | Browse |
Insulin Delivery Systems
CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 24
47 relationships
Browse evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 55
167 relationships
Browse evidenceSGLT2 Inhibitors
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 25
64 relationships
Browse evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 55
131 relationships
Browse evidenceDPP-4 Inhibitors
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 18
47 relationships
Browse evidenceProbiotics and Synbiotics
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 17
59 relationships
Browse evidenceMetformin Therapies
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 22
37 relationships
Browse evidenceInsulin Therapies
CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 18
45 relationships
Browse evidencemHealth Diabetes Support Interventions
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 5
24 relationships
Browse evidenceAerobic Exercise
Postprandial and OGTT Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 10
25 relationships
Browse evidenceGlycemic Control Treatments
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 7
19 relationships
Browse evidenceDigital Lifestyle Interventions
Body Weight
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 6
21 relationships
Browse evidenceAll Interventions
Browse 391 interventions represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 391 interventions
| Intervention | Category | Group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Outcomes | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 87/100 | 27 | 84 | |
| Vitamin D supplementation | Supplements | Diabetic Neuropathy | 82/100 | 19 | 77 | |
| Metformin | Medications | Metformin Therapies | 85/100 | 20 | 53 | |
| Tirzepatide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 84/100 | 16 | 51 | |
| Dapagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 79/100 | 10 | 50 | |
| SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 82/100 | 12 | 48 | |
| Liraglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 78/100 | 11 | 48 | |
| Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) | Diet and Nutrition | Dietary Patterns | 79/100 | 8 | 48 | |
| Hybrid closed-loop system | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 84/100 | 12 | 43 | |
| Exercise therapy | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 81/100 | 11 | 43 | |
| Insulin therapy | Medications | Insulin Therapies | 79/100 | 11 | 41 | |
| Empagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 84/100 | 13 | 40 | |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 83/100 | 12 | 38 | |
| Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet | Diet and Nutrition | Ketogenic Diets | 76/100 | 8 | 38 | |
| Resistance training | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 76/100 | 8 | 37 | |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors | Medications | DPP-4 Inhibitors | 79/100 | 8 | 35 | |
| Usual care | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 86/100 | 18 | 34 | ||
| Calorie restriction | Diet and Nutrition | Dietary Patterns | 82/100 | 12 | 34 | |
| DSMES | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 84/100 | 10 | 34 | |
| Aerobic exercise | Physical Activity | Aerobic Exercise | 79/100 | 6 | 33 | |
| Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Prediabetes | 85/100 | 13 | 31 | |
| Non-surgical periodontal treatment | Procedures | 84/100 | 14 | 27 | ||
| Mobile app for diabetes self-management | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Technology | 79/100 | 7 | 25 | |
| mHealth diabetes support intervention | Behavioral & Lifestyle | mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions | 79/100 | 3 | 25 | |
| Multispecies probiotic supplementation | Supplements | Probiotics and Synbiotics | 79/100 | 4 | 23 |
Semaglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 87/100
- Studies
- 27
84 outcomes
Vitamin D supplementation
Supplements - Diabetic Neuropathy
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 19
77 outcomes
Metformin
Medications - Metformin Therapies
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 20
53 outcomes
Tirzepatide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 16
51 outcomes
Dapagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 10
50 outcomes
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 12
48 outcomes
Liraglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 78/100
- Studies
- 11
48 outcomes
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE)
Diet and Nutrition - Dietary Patterns
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 8
48 outcomes
Hybrid closed-loop system
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 12
43 outcomes
Exercise therapy
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
- EvidenceScore™
- 81/100
- Studies
- 11
43 outcomes
Insulin therapy
Medications - Insulin Therapies
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 11
41 outcomes
Empagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 13
40 outcomes
Continuous glucose monitoring
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 12
38 outcomes
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet
Diet and Nutrition - Ketogenic Diets
- EvidenceScore™
- 76/100
- Studies
- 8
38 outcomes
Resistance training
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
- EvidenceScore™
- 76/100
- Studies
- 8
37 outcomes
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Medications - DPP-4 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 8
35 outcomes
Usual care
Behavioral & Lifestyle
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 18
34 outcomes
Calorie restriction
Diet and Nutrition - Dietary Patterns
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 12
34 outcomes
DSMES
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 10
34 outcomes
Aerobic exercise
Physical Activity - Aerobic Exercise
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 6
33 outcomes
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Prediabetes
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 13
31 outcomes
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Procedures
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 14
27 outcomes
Mobile app for diabetes self-management
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Technology
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 7
25 outcomes
mHealth diabetes support intervention
Behavioral & Lifestyle - mHealth Diabetes Support Interventions
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 3
25 outcomes
Multispecies probiotic supplementation
Supplements - Probiotics and Synbiotics
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 4
23 outcomes