Research Summary
Digital-Driven Model Improves Diabetes Management in Underresourced Areas
Moderate confidence
Low bias
Last updated June 19, 2026Key Takeaway:
This study evaluated a digital-driven physician-pharmacist collaborative model for managing Type 2 diabetes in underresourced settings, finding significant improvements in several health outcomes.
Study at a Glance
What was studied
Digital-driven physician-pharmacist collaborative model for managing patients with type 2 diabetes.
Participants
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64)
Male, Female
with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Digital-driven, multifaceted physician-pharmacist collaborative model
Outcomes
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, Waist circumference, Waist-to-hip ratio, Blood pressure, Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, Patient satisfaction, Body Mass Index (BMI), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Funding
Non-Industry Sponsored
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Main Effects
HbA1c decreased by 2.57% in the intervention group compared to 1.96% in the control group (P <.001).
10-year ASCVD risk decreased by 1.35 in the intervention group compared to an increase of 0.01 in the control group (P <.001).
Patient satisfaction improved significantly in the intervention group (P <.001).
Evidence Summary
| Intervention | Outcome | Measured Change | Study Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
 Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  10-year ASCVD risk (Metabolic Health) | Decrease | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  2-hour plasma glucose (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  BMI (Weight & Anthropometrics) | No Change | Unclear |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) (Glycemic Control) | No Change | Unclear |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | HbA1c (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | HDL cholesterol (Metabolic Health) | No Change | Unclear |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | LDL cholesterol (Metabolic Health) | No Change | Unclear |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Systolic blood pressure (Metabolic Health) | Decrease | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Total cholesterol (Metabolic Health) | Decrease | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  Treatment satisfaction (Patient-Reported) | Increase | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Triglycerides (Metabolic Health) | Decrease | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Waist circumference (Weight & Anthropometrics) | Decrease | Strong |
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Waist-to-hip ratio (Weight & Anthropometrics) | Decrease | Strong |
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Evidence Suggest
- HbA1c levels significantly decreased by 2.57% in the intervention group.
- 10-year ASCVD risk decreased by 1.35 in the intervention group.
- Patient satisfaction improved significantly with the intervention.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
- Patients receiving care in underresourced healthcare settings.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be applicable to well-resourced healthcare settings.
- The intervention's effectiveness over a longer period remains uncertain.
- Further studies are needed to explore the model's applicability across diverse populations.
Between the Lines
- The study was limited to underresourced settings, which may affect generalizability.
- The sample size and demographic characteristics may not represent the broader population of diabetes patients.
- Long-term sustainability of the intervention's effects was not assessed.
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Journal Reference
Jie X, Qing W, Shenglan T, et al. Long-term Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of a Digital-Driven Physician-Pharmacist Collaborative Model for Managing Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Underresourced Settings: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2026;28. doi:10.2196/77470
Connected Evidence
Discover how this study fits into the broader diabetes evidence landscape.
This study contributes to evidence on Digital Health Programs and Cardiovascular Outcomes, Digital Health Programs and Glycemic Control.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention–outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Blood Pressure Evidence Hub
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outcome_hubMeasures Blood Pressure as a key outcome.
Cardiovascular Outcomes Evidence Hub
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outcome_hubMeasures Cardiovascular Outcomes as a key outcome.
Digital Health Programs Evidence Hub
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1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Digital Health Programs evidence base.
Glycemic Control Evidence Hub
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1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Glycemic Control as a key outcome.
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Questions this evidence helps answer
Key clinical and research questions this study contributes to.
Does digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care improve 10-year ASCVD risk?
Based on connected evidence for Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care and 10-year ASCVD risk.
Does digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care affect 2-hour plasma glucose in people with diabetes?
Exploring evidence on Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care and 2-hour plasma glucose outcomes.
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