Clinical Outcomes

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence relationships

Studies reviewed

Interventions evaluated

Strongest evidence area

Finerenone

Top Evidence Areas

Rank	Intervention	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
#1	Allium hookeri extract	Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
#2	DPP 4 inhibitors	Diabetic retinopathy incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Mixed	1
#3	Empagliflozin	All Cause mortality	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#4	Exercise therapy	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#5	Finerenone	Albuminuria	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#6	Finerenone	Cardiovascular events	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#7	Finerenone	Composite kidney outcomes	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#8	Finerenone	Hospitalization rate	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#9	Insulin degludec	All Cause mortality	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#10	Mediterranean diet	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	1

Rank #1

Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)

Allium hookeri extract

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #2

Diabetic retinopathy incidence

DPP 4 inhibitors

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Rank #3

All Cause mortality

Empagliflozin

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #4

Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Exercise therapy

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #5

Albuminuria

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #6

Cardiovascular events

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #7

Composite kidney outcomes

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #8

Hospitalization rate

Finerenone

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #9

All Cause mortality

Insulin degludec

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #10

Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Mediterranean diet

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Practical Questions

Which interventions are most often studied for Clinical Outcomes?

outcome

Based on 12 evidence relationships across 12 studies

Outcomes:

AlbuminuriaCardiovascular eventsComposite kidney outcomesHospitalization rateBalance performance+3 more

Interventions:

FinerenoneMotor Cognitive balance exerciseSingle Task balance training

Which interventions need more research for Clinical Outcomes?

evidence

Based on 3 evidence relationships across 3 studies

Outcomes:

Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)Diabetic retinopathy incidenceAll Cause mortality

Interventions:

Allium hookeri extractDPP 4 inhibitorsEmpagliflozin

How does Finerenone compare with Finerenone for Clinical Outcomes?

compare

Very Low Evidence

Within Clinical Outcomes, insufficient data to compare. Interpret cautiously when study counts are low.

Finerenone

Evidence:51.8

Effectiveness:80.0

Studies:2

Pairs:2

moderate

No clear winner based on current evidence

Limitations

Insufficient compared items for meaningful comparison

Insufficient compared items to assess confidence.

Evidence Landscape

Evidence landscape

Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and strength; size reflects study volume.

Limited evidence

Promising

Reliable

High impact

Lower Evidence Strength→Higher Evidence Strength

Lower Effectiveness→Higher Effectiveness

Explore by Intervention

Intervention	Pairs	Research	Avg Strength
Allium hookeri extract	1	1	33
DPP 4 inhibitors	1	1	48
Empagliflozin	1	1	49
Exercise therapy	1	1	45
Finerenone	4	1	52
Insulin degludec	1	1	44
Mediterranean diet	1	1	47
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	4	1	44
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)	1	1	33
Single Task balance training	4	1	44
Telephone counseling	1	1	45
Vegetables First eating pattern	2	1	47

Latest Research

Mediterranean diet reduces gestational diabetes risk by 40% in Hispanic women

Published: May 16, 2026

int-mediterranean-diet

out-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Photobiomodulation shows small periodontal benefits but mixed systemic effects in type 2 diabetes

Published: May 16, 2026

int-photobiomodulation-therapy

out-clinical-attachment-level

Eating vegetables first may reduce risk of diabetic eye and kidney damage

Published: May 16, 2026

int-vegetables-first-eating-pattern

out-diabetic-retinopathy-incidenceout-nephropathy-progression

Finerenone reduces cardiovascular and kidney disease risk in type 2 diabetes

Published: May 16, 2026

int-finerenone

out-albuminuriaout-cardiovascular-events

DPP-4 inhibitors show no clear effect on diabetic eye disease risk

Published: May 16, 2026

int-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors

out-diabetic-retinopathy-incidence

Allium hookeri extract reduces HbA1c levels in prediabetic adults

Published: May 16, 2026

int-allium-hookeri-extract

out-glucose-iauc-ogtt

Early insulin degludec with IV insulin infusion speeds DKA resolution by 3.25 hours without increasing hypoglycaemia risk

Published: May 13, 2026

int-insulin-degludec

out-all-cause-mortality

Telephone-based lifestyle education reduces gestational diabetes risk by 60% in high-risk Iranian women

Published: May 7, 2026

int-telephone-counseling

out-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Exercise improved balance and cognition in adults with type 2 diabetes

Published: May 6, 2026

int-motor-cognitive-balance-exerciseint-single-task-balance-training

out-balance-performanceout-cognitive-function

Prenatal exercise may lower gestational diabetes risk, but not pregnancy weight gain

Published: May 6, 2026

int-exercise-therapy

out-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Full Evidence Table

Showing 22 of 22 evidence pairs

Intervention	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
Allium hookeri extract	Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
DPP 4 inhibitors	Diabetic retinopathy incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Mixed	1
Empagliflozin	All Cause mortality	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Albuminuria	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Cardiovascular events	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Composite kidney outcomes	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Finerenone	Hospitalization rate	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Insulin degludec	All Cause mortality	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Mediterranean diet	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)	Clinical attachment level (CAL)	Neutral	Weak	Consistent	1
Single Task balance training	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Telephone counseling	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Vegetables First eating pattern	Diabetic retinopathy incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Vegetables First eating pattern	Nephropathy progression	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1

Intervention → Outcome

Allium hookeri extract → Glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC)

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

DPP 4 inhibitors → Diabetic retinopathy incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Empagliflozin → All Cause mortality

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Albuminuria

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Cardiovascular events

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Composite kidney outcomes

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Finerenone → Hospitalization rate

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Insulin degludec → All Cause mortality

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Mediterranean diet → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) → Clinical attachment level (CAL)

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Telephone counseling → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Vegetables First eating pattern → Diabetic retinopathy incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Vegetables First eating pattern → Nephropathy progression

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies