Physical Activity

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence relationships

Studies reviewed

Outcomes evaluated

Strongest evidence area

Systolic blood pressure

Top Interventions

Rank	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
#1	Fasting Plasma Glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#2	GLP 1	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#3	HbA1c	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#4	MicroRNA 192	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#5	VO2 max	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#6	Diastolic blood pressure	Weak Positive	Limited	Mixed	2
#7	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#8	Pregnancy weight gain	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
#9	Systolic blood pressure	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	2
#10	Blood glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1

Rank #1

Fasting Plasma Glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #2

GLP 1

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #3

HbA1c

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #4

MicroRNA 192

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #5

VO2 max

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #6

Diastolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Weak Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Rank #7

Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #8

Pregnancy weight gain

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #9

Systolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Rank #10

Blood glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Practical Questions

What outcomes does Physical Activity appear to affect most often?

outcome

Based on 6 evidence relationships across 6 studies

Outcomes:

Fasting Plasma GlucoseGLP 1HbA1c

Interventions:

Aerobic exerciseResistance training

Where are results mixed or inconsistent for Physical Activity?

evidence

Based on 2 evidence relationships across 3 studies

Outcomes:

Diastolic blood pressureBlood glucose

Interventions:

Exercise therapyModerate continuous exercise (CON)

Which outcomes need more research for Physical Activity?

evidence

Based on 3 evidence relationships across 5 studies

Outcomes:

Fasting Plasma GlucoseDiastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressure

Interventions:

Aerobic exerciseExercise therapy

How does Systolic blood pressure compare with Diastolic blood pressure for Physical Activity?

compare

Low Evidence

Within Physical Activity, Systolic blood pressure has slightly stronger table evidence than Diastolic blood pressure, but the difference is small. Interpret cautiously when study counts are low.

Systolic blood pressure

Evidence:50.3

Effectiveness:80.0

Studies:2

Pairs:1

moderate

Diastolic blood pressure

Evidence:45.0

Effectiveness:65.0

Studies:2

Pairs:1

limited

Limitations

Limited supporting studies overallSome compared items based on single evidence pair

Comparison based on limited supporting studies.

Evidence Landscape

Evidence landscape

Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and strength; size reflects study volume.

Limited evidence

Promising

Reliable

High impact

Lower Evidence Strength→Higher Evidence Strength

Lower Effectiveness→Higher Effectiveness

Explore by Outcome

Outcome	Pairs	Research	Avg Strength
Diastolic blood pressure	1	2	45
Systolic blood pressure	1	2	50
Balance performance	2	1	44
Blood glucose	2	1	38
Blood lactate	1	1	33
Cognitive function	2	1	44
Fasting insulin levels	1	1	44
Fasting Plasma Glucose	2	1	44
Functional mobility	2	1	44
Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	1	1	45
GLP 1	2	1	44
HbA1c	2	1	44
MicroRNA 192	2	1	44
Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	2	1	44
Pregnancy weight gain	1	1	34
VO2 max	2	1	44

Latest Research

High-intensity interval exercise causes less blood sugar drop than moderate exercise in type 1 diabetes

Published: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-high-intensity-interval-training-hiitint-moderate-continuous-exercise

out-blood-glucoseout-blood-lactate

Exercise may lower blood pressure in people with diabetes

Published: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-exercise-therapy

out-diastolic-blood-pressureout-systolic-blood-pressure

Home resistance training and leisure activity both improve blood sugar and boost helpful GLP-1 hormone in children with type 1 diabetes

Published: 7 de mayo de 2026

int-aerobic-exerciseint-resistance-training

out-fasting-insulin-levelsout-fasting-plasma-glucose

Exercise improved balance and cognition in adults with type 2 diabetes

Published: 6 de mayo de 2026

int-motor-cognitive-balance-exerciseint-single-task-balance-training

out-balance-performanceout-cognitive-function

Prenatal exercise may lower gestational diabetes risk, but not pregnancy weight gain

Published: 6 de mayo de 2026

int-exercise-therapy

out-diastolic-blood-pressureout-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Full Evidence Table

Showing 26 of 26 evidence pairs

Intervention	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
Aerobic exercise	Fasting Plasma Glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	GLP 1	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	HbA1c	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	MicroRNA 192	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	VO2 max	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Diastolic blood pressure	Weak Positive	Limited	Mixed	2
Exercise therapy	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Pregnancy weight gain	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Systolic blood pressure	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	2
High Intensity interval training (HIIT)	Blood glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
High Intensity interval training (HIIT)	Blood lactate	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
Moderate continuous exercise (CON)	Blood glucose	Neutral	Weak	Mixed	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	Fasting insulin levels	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	Fasting Plasma Glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	GLP 1	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	HbA1c	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	MicroRNA 192	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	VO2 max	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → GLP 1

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → HbA1c

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → MicroRNA 192

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → VO2 max

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Diastolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Weak Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Pregnancy weight gain

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Systolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

High Intensity interval training (HIIT) → Blood glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

High Intensity interval training (HIIT) → Blood lactate

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Moderate continuous exercise (CON) → Blood glucose

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → Fasting insulin levels

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → Fasting Plasma Glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → GLP 1

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → HbA1c

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → MicroRNA 192

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → VO2 max

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies