Gestational Diabetes (GDM)Devices & Monitoring
RESEARCH SUMMARY

Ursodeoxycholic acid may improve left atrial function in women with gestational diabetes

Moderate confidence
some concerns bias
Last updated May 16, 2026

Key takeaway:

A randomized trial in 113 women with gestational diabetes found that ursodeoxycholic acid was associated with small improvements in left atrial function in the third trimester and postpartum, suggesting possible cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control.

Study at a glance

What was studied

Effect of UDCA on maternal cardiac function in gestational diabetes

Study type

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)

duration

Medium-Term (3–12 mo)

Intervention

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)

Outcomes

Left atrial reservoir strain (echocardiography), Left atrial contractile strain (echocardiography), Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)

Funding

Non-industry sponsored

Main effects

UDCA ↑ Left atrial contractile strain at 36 weeks (LASct_AC, p=0.016) compared to placebo ↓

UDCA ↑ Left atrial reservoir function postpartum (LASr_ED p=0.041, LASr_AC p=0.036) ↓

No significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction or right ventricular function ↓

evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • UDCA associated with improved atrial function but not ventricular systolic function
  • Effects were time-dependent: contractile changes in late pregnancy, reservoir/conduit changes postpartum
  • Per-protocol analysis with post-randomization exclusion limits causal interpretation
who this applies

Who this applies to

This study applies to women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus who are being treated with standard glycemic management and may have interest in additional cardiovascular protective therapies during and after pregnancy.

keep in mind

Keep in Mind

This is a cardiac sub-study from a single-center trial that was not powered for echocardiographic outcomes. The per-protocol analysis (excluding UDCA-treated women with low drug levels) may introduce bias. The clinical significance of small changes in left atrial strain parameters is uncertain without long-term follow-up data.

between the lines

Between the Lines

  • Per-protocol analysis (not ITT) introduces potential selection bias
  • Cardiac outcomes were secondary endpoints, trial not powered for these
  • No correction for multiple comparisons; borderline p-values may be chance findings

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Journal Reference

Calabuig AMC, Blanco-Carnero JE, Chatzakis C, et al. The Impact of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Maternal Cardiac Function in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study (GUARDS Trial). J Clin Med. 2026;15(2):786. doi:10.3390/jcm15020786

Sources

Ranked by clinical relevance and evidence quality.

Key References

Most relevant evidence and guidance related to this research.

1
Guideline

Gestational Diabetes-Causes & Treatment | ADA

Diagnosed with gestational diabetes? You are not alone. Learn about treatments, your risk of type 2, and how to keep you and your baby healthy.
2
Guideline

How Gestational Diabetes Can Impact Your Baby | ADA

Learn about the effects of gestational diabetes on your baby, including potential risks and how to manage them for a healthy pregnancy and reduced complications for your child.
3
Guideline

How to Treat Gestational Diabetes | ADA

Learn how to treat gestational diabetes and manage it effectively during pregnancy with expert tips on diet, exercise, and medical care for a healthy pregnancy.

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