Healthcare Delivery & EducationType 1 Diabetes (T1D)Devices & Monitoring
RESEARCH SUMMARY

Hybrid diabetes education with CGM modestly improved HbA1c and well-being in adults

Low confidence
high bias
Last updated May 15, 2026

Key takeaway:

In adults with type 1 diabetes, a multidisciplinary hybrid education program integrated with continuous glucose monitoring was associated with a modest HbA1c reduction and small improvements in treatment satisfaction and hypoglycemia-related awareness over 9 months.

Study at a glance

What was studied

A multidisciplinary hybrid education program with CGM support in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Study type

non-randomized clinical trial (non-RCT or NRCT)

duration

Medium-Term (3–12 mo)

Intervention

Remote Educational Program, Continuous glucose monitoring

Outcomes

HbA1c, Treatment satisfaction, Quality of life, Hypoglycemia symptom score, Time in range, Time above range, Time below range, Glucose variability

Funding

Non-industry sponsored

Main effects

↓ HbA1c decreased from 7.70% to 7.45%

↑ Treatment satisfaction score increased (DTSQ)

≈ Most CGM pattern metrics showed no clear change

evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • Hybrid multidisciplinary diabetes education with CGM can support modest glycemic improvement in routine practice
  • Psychosocial and treatment-experience outcomes may improve even when CGM pattern metrics remain stable
  • Higher baseline HbA1c appears linked to greater absolute HbA1c improvement
who this applies

Who this applies to

Adults with type 1 diabetes using insulin therapy and initiating intermittent-scanning CGM in routine specialist care.

keep in mind

Keep in Mind

The study suggests benefit, but cause-and-effect is uncertain without a comparator group. Results reflect one hospital program and may differ in other systems, staffing models, or patient populations.

between the lines

Between the Lines

  • No control group and no randomization
  • Single-center design may limit generalizability
  • Potential confounding from concurrent routine care changes
  • Mixed endpoint pattern with modest effect size for glycemia

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Journal Reference

Ruiz-Trillo CA, Pérez-Morales A, Cortés-Lerena A, et al. Emotional Well-Being and Glycemic Control in People with Diabetes After a Multidisciplinary Hybrid Education. Healthcare (Basel). 2026;14(2):198. doi:10.3390/healthcare14020198

Sources

Ranked by clinical relevance and evidence quality.

Key References

Most relevant evidence and guidance related to this research.

1
Guideline

American Diabetes Association. Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026

The ADA standards provide current recommendations for diabetes self-management education, glucose monitoring, and individualized glycemic targets that contextualize this intervention study.
2
Guideline

Rapid Recap for Advanced Diabetes Technology – Conversations and Collaborations | American Association of Clinical Endocrinology

Benefits of Continuous Glucose Monitoring  Insights into effects of food, exercise, illness and medication on real-time diabetes management  Improved Time in Range (TIR)  Directional arrows  Audible alarm
3
Guideline

Episode 59: Early Detection of Type 1 Diabetes | American Association of Clinical Endocrinology

This podcast discusses the growing prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the importance of autoantibody screening, the different stages of T1D, screening guidelines, patient counseling, and how early intervention can help delay progression and reduce complications.

13 total sources in this category

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